Siddhanta Shiromani is a celebrated ancient Indian Mathematician text by Bhaskara 2 (C.E.1114-1185). He was a great teacher and was more popular as Bhaskaracharya. Siddhanta Shiromani, is divided into four parts called Lilāvatī, Bījagaṇita, Grahagaṇita and Golādhyāya, which are also sometimes considered four independent works. The Siddhānta Shiromaniwas written in 1150 when Bhaskara was just 36 years old. It demonstrates his knowledge of trigonometry, including the sine table and relationships between different trigonometric functions. He also discovered spherical trigonometry, along with other interesting trigonometrical results.

Lilavati (also known as pāṭīgaṇita or aṅkagaṇita) consists of 277 verses. It covers arithmetic, simple interest, progressions, trigonometry, area & volume calculation, measurements, hypotenuses calculation, permutations, and other topics. The second section Bījagaṇita has 213 verses. It discusses zero, infinity, positive and negative numbers, and indeterminate equations. In the third section Grahagaṇita, while treating the motion of planets, he considered their instantaneous speeds.